In- Sce CIA ER H 72-2, The Economy of North Vietnam, December 1972, CONFIDENTIAL/NO Government expenditures in South Vietnam have risen rapidly Administrative Divisions and Military Regions 6inh Gross National Product Fishing How can Vietnam improve its economy? There are many ways Vietnam can do better. From macro like improve transparency with government spending and government enterprises, democratise the government, moving to private economy and release governments grip on key industry such as energy, telco, banking. Although the government is actively involved in improving the economy of Vietnam, it has been criticized for not moving quickly enough. of Total CULTIVATED AREAS Iiccr r)5.7 108.4 published on North Vietnam.l For easy comparison, some basic economic 0 50 250 b00 760 The South was divided into coastal lowlands, the mountainous Central Highlands (Cao-nguyen Trung-phan) and the Mekong Delta. Guide to Sources on Vietnam, 1969-1975. 19.6 H NI ngy 13 thng 1 nm 2022 Kinh t Vit Nam s tng tc trong nm 2022 vi tng trng GDP d bo tng ln 5,5% so vi 2,6% nm 2021, theo bo co im li Cp nht tnh hnh kinh t Vit Nam ca Ngn hng Th gii. Road 48.5 Other countries have shown a growing interest in providing this has tended to reduce ttte productivity of the civilian labor force. tially valuable resources as well. Although the population is still predominantly rural, there has -Chr iron ~ iaential In 1965, the feuding civilian government voluntarily resigned and handed power back to the nation's military, in the hope this would bring stability and unity to the nation. Today, Vietnam is the 28th largest export economy in the world, exporting $165 billion worth of goods every year. The South Vietnamese were forced to draw on their reserves at the turn of the year. 17. While Japans economy boomed during the post WWII era, Vietnams economy was engulfed by wars and central planning that led to several decades of economic stagnation. Average inflation is projected to rise this year from last years average but still remain below the governments 4.0% target. registrations, which climbed from 37,000 in 1966 to 90,000 in 1970. Land Utilization and Vegetation a densely populated flat plan: consisting of the Dong 8 37. WebNorth Vietnam under the socialist mechanism depended on aid from socialist countries, while South Vietnam developed its market economy mechanism with the help of the US government. dtaiply than water buffalo. (approximately half of their capital provided by the govcrnmcr.l) arc affected the exploitation of other poten- Population output. prices and yields-permitted substantial modernization in agriculture. At present, only about 60% of the arable land-about 15% taxation. General 1 220 An even larger, armored invasion from the North commenced during the Easter Offensive following US ground-forces withdrawal, and had nearly overrun some major northern cities until beaten back. 12. Governmont Budget" Iligh- Water pumps have South Vietnam went through many political changes during its short life. erected by US forces. by imports. "'Ineludoa cuxfome dufloa end olhar Impo;1 faxoa, counforperl lunda ponerefed by Intelligence Handbook A plan to improve logistics was prepared so that the PAVN would be able to launch a massive invasion of the South, projected for 1976. Approved For Release 2000/Q9~1~~;,I I~.AJ~-Rr~,~PI~5~00875R001500200009-1 e Vegetable crops major institutional sources of credit arc the commercial banks; noninsti- More than 1.8m acres of farm land would become available for purchase, the US would pay the landowners and receive payment from the purchasers over a 6-year period. In July 1954, France and the Vit Minh agreed at the Geneva Conference that the Vietnam would be temporarily divided at 17th parallel north and State of Vietnam would rule the territory south of the 17th parallel, pending unification on the basis of supervised elections in 1956. South Vietnam ranks above other countries of Indochina but significantly immature, but its operations and efficiency have bec:~ much enlarged and 24. [26]:232 Often praising aspects of Western culture in public,[26]:264 Ky was supported by the United States and its allied nations,[26]:264 though doubts began to circulate among Western officials by 1966 on whether or not Ky could maintain stability in South Vietnam. accelerated US withdrawal Although the resulting unemployment has Dim's removal and assassination set off a period of political instability and declining legitimacy of the Saigon government. [21] One consequence of the inflation was the South Vietnamese government had increasing difficulty in paying its soldiers and imposed restrictions on fuel and munition usage. General Nguyn Vn Thiu then led the country after a US-encouraged civilian presidential election from 1967 until 1975. land area, as shown in Figure 4, also INTELLIGENCE HANDBOOK :ulditional 225,000 hcclares. cost of imports with successive devaluations and higher world market prices. law, tax reform, and broad planning guidance to private-sector interests. development as a result of growing military logistical requirements. Since 1990, Vietnam has experienced strong economic growth, with GDP per capita growth making Vietnam the fastest growing country in the world. South Vietnam had one major port, Saigon, with a rated capacity of 8,400 Improved security in the past three years, however, has [13] Dennis J. Duncanson described[undue weight? improved by recent reforms. Witll a per capita gross national product (GNP) of about US $120, For the modern country, see, Administrative territory of the Republic of Vietnam in Southeast Asia according to the, Hammer, Ellen J. Provinco boundary years of 1965-68, while industrial output continued to expand until 1968, Approved For Release 2000~A~1'~:~~~~I~~T00875R001500200009-1 Among them, approximately 22,00041,000 were accounted "communist" political prisoners.[28]. Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State. 3. declassification schodulo of E.O, 11652 Saigon is the largest urban center, with a population mouth Vietnam Approved For Release 200'0109~~4I~1~-~5T00875R001500200009-1 Global trade volumes have declined since the end of last year, suggesting that external demand is slowing. 340 Population of the rural population. heavy industry. Civilian The military nominated Nguyn Vn Thiu as their candidate, and he was elected with a plurality of the popular vote. Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam, a US-encouraged civilian presidential election, National Liberation Front for South Vietnam, second combined-arms conventional invasion in 1975, DRV controlled almost the entire country of Vietnam, 1959 South Vietnamese parliamentary election, 1962 South Vietnamese Independence Palace bombing, Arrest and assassination of Ng nh Dim, Provisional Central Government of Vietnam, Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (now American Forces Network), 1963 United States-backed coup d'tat that outsted Ng, Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa, Front Unifie de Lutte des Races Opprimees, Learn how and when to remove this template message, International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, "Maintenance Agency for ISO 3166 Country Codes English Country Names and Code Elements", "Origins of the Insurgency in South Vietnam, 19541960", Unheralded Victory: The Defeat Of The Viet Cong And The North Vietnamese Mark William Woodruff Google Books, "The Vietnam War: Seeds of Conflict: 19451960", "This Day in History 1974: Thieu announces war has resumed", "Fall of Saigon - 1975 Year in Review - Audio - UPI.com", "Pacific Stars and Stripes MACV Orientation Edition", "Significant Collections > Fonds of the Ta i Biu Chnh Ph Ti Trung Nguyn Trung Phn or the Office of the Government's Representative in Central Midlands", The South Vietnamese Economy During the Vietnam War, 19541975, "Imagining Taiwan: The Nixon Administration, the Developmental States, and South Vietnam's Search for Economic Viability, 19691975", "Vietnam on Film and Television: Documentaries in the Library of Congress", The Constitution of the Republic of Vietnam 1956, The Constitution of the Republic of Vietnam 1967, Timeline of NVA invasion of South Vietnam, Council for National Defense and Security, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Vietnam&oldid=1139741933, States and territories disestablished in 1975, States and territories established in 1955, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing Vietnamese-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with minor POV problems from September 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles needing additional references from April 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with Vietnamese-language sources (vi), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, In 19631965, there were numerous coups and short-lived governments, several of which were headed by, Ministry of Public Works and Communications (, This page was last edited on 16 February 2023, at 17:47. 54.3 After only one week in office, the South Vietnamese national assembly voted to hand over the presidency to General Dng Vn Minh. What is the Difference Between GDP and GNI? 2. 8 It was more "evolved", and French interests were stronger than in other parts of Indochina, notably in the form of French-owned rubber plantations. 3 institutional sources of credit in rural areas. size and activity of public credit institutions and interest rate reform. Furthermore, while inflation is expected to be moderate, it will still be higher than pre-Covid levels, to the detriment of domestic consumption. declined, and the rapid gains since then have not been sufficient to meet US government agencies represented in South Vietnam. out of the Delta. an estimated 12% of GNP and about 5% South Vietnam maintained a capitalist free-market economy with ties to the West. Cochinchina had been annexed by France in 1862 and even elected a deputy to the French National Assembly. once again become the chief means of transporting produce, especially rice, villages cr to be resettled elsewhere. WebUS economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire Japanese troops overthrew the Vichy administration on 9 March 1945, Emperor Bo i proclaimed Vietnam independent. Tkvusrrud Mclrlr Tvns employers, landlords, friends, and relatives) still provide a major share by the uncertain political and military Foreign Relations of the United States Guide to Sources on Vietnam, 1969-1975. 118 permitted increased use of waterways, and it is likely that waterways will The banking system consists of the National almost all commodities. WebRank Country Population in million GDP Nominal millions of USD GDP Nominal per capita USD GDP (PPP) millions of USD GDP (PPP) per capita USD ASEAN 673.655: 3,619,922 Agriculture is the major economic activity in South Vichtam and More planes. WebThe South Korean economy''s long term challenges include a rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, and heavy reliance on exports - which comprise half of GDP. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 14,800 tons and Da Nang's to 12,250 tons, and new facilities had been built 9. In the over the years indicate that the population is about 19 million and has been The Peoples Committee of Central coastal province of Khanh Hoa and the Indian Embassy in Vietnam held a conference in Nha Trang city on March 1 to promote cooperation between India and the South-central region, with 300 delegates from the two countries taking part. [10] As Saigon's delegation did not sign the Geneva Accords, it was not bound by it[10]- despite having been part of the French Union,[11] which was itself bound by the Accords. A 1955 referendum on the state's future form of government was highly contested and resulted in the deposal of Bo i by Prime Minister Ng nh Dim, who proclaimed himself president of the new republic on 26 October 1955. Y Uncertainty over security conditions caused a decimc in demand for 1. ca military activities. 8 G of three Boeing 727s, two DC-6s, 16 DC-3s and DC-4s, and four smaller By 1972, Saigon's daily capacity lead climbed to 440 Percent xuycn money supply more than 600%. 17 way in some areas (both for irrigation and to prevent salt water intrusion), Tuy Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP~'~d8~511iF'5Q~~~0~09 ~1 501031 2-73 Date Impossible fo Doformine more than 60% of the labor force. South Vietnam has never had a national census. Output of Selected Agricultural Products services sector of the economy currently accounts for more than half of Analysts emphasized that Vietnam needs to promote green trade and comprehensively support sustainability goals in the context of accelerating commitments to promote digital and green transformation in association with environmental criteria. those driven from their homes by the fighting. As a result of the rapid expansion of government expenditures, the Air Vietnam also became largely a matter of processing imported raw materials. Forestry and fishing were danriged during the Tet ol'fcnsivc, industry has grown at a fairly rapid Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, Vietnam had been one of the world's fastest growing emerging markets in the past decade, boosted by strong foreign direct investment inflows into its manufacturing sector. WebSouth Vietnam's Economy A NOTE Curtis Crawford Mr. Curtis Crawford is Instructor in International Relations and Philosophy at the New School for Social Research. Production, Exports, and Imports of Milled Rice Approved For Release 2006)6~i~II3~Fi~i@~T00875R001500200009-1 suffered an absolute decline in real income in recent years as their wages may be directed the Office of Economic Research, 25X1 A Vietnam is a densely-populated developing country that has been transitioning from the rigidities of a centrally-planned economy since 1986. Approved For Release 200x:I~~$~ip'Ip~~00875R001500200009-1 92.3 WebVietnam Economy. ~?_ of the labor force. Prior to northern part of the country and the Meko;tg Delta, respectively. 5.0 The escalation of the WebAlthough Vietnam's economy, which continues to expand at an annual rate in excess of 7 percent, is one of the fastest-growing in the world, the economy is growing from an '1AL Land Use, 1972. 1964 Tltuan Dim attempted to stabilise South Vietnam by defending against Vit Cng activities. 1. 5 7 10. The State of Vietnam was created through co-operation between anti-communist Vietnamese and the French government on 14 June 1949. 5,715 Land Use 263.3 Khnh sought to capitalize on the crisis with the Vng Tu Charter, a new constitution that would have curtailed civil liberties and concentrated his power, but was forced to back down in the face of widespread protests and strikes. The economy continues to face some macro risks this year, such as inflation, public debt, and confidence in a recovery, but the prospects for recovery in the second half are positive. From 2000 to Class bottles 0.3 Categories Until a few years ago there were virtually no Minh was seen as a more conciliatory figure toward the North, and it was hoped he might be able to negotiate a more favourable settlement to end the war. Vieti:am has potential for rapid private sector growth. Approved For Release 2004j~~~,5T00875R001500200009-1 The economy of Vietnam is believed to become one of the fastest growing emerging markets in the world by 2020 with a GDP of $436 billion. A last-ditch defense was made by the ARVN 18th Division at the Battle of Xun Lc from 921 April. Radio Vietnam started its operation in 1955 under then President Ngo Dinh Diem, and ceased operation on 30 April 1975, with the broadcast of surrender by Duong Van Minh. Military personnel and [citation needed], Vietnamese was the official language and was spoken by the majority of the population. exemption catogory 58(12,(2),(3) estimated at about 3 million for tlt~ entire metropolitan area. Transport ~tion Most of the country north of Saigon produces less rice than it consumes and brought some important new assets. 301 33 Figure 1 inundated vogetation s Government sector imports without severely depressing per capita private consumption. CONFIDENTIAL These large-scale population movements make it particularly This referendum was blatantly rigged in favor of a republic. dynamic element in the private sector. ugar cane These tend to be inefficient due to complicated bureaucracy needs to undergo reform. stopped most of than from going beyond the planning stage. Currently, it is a mix between this state-planned economy and a market economy, which is controlled by supply and demand. 4,366 Initially, former Emperor Bo i served as Head of State. However, the global economy will still slow in 2023 and face certain risks. 28.5 industr?ics proccssi~~e imported raw materials and some local agricultural In 2016, Vietnam's GDP growth was 6.2%, driven by export-oriented manufacturing and robust domestic demand. The purpose of the event is to effectively implement the Vietnam-India Joint Vision Statement on peace and prosperity as approved by the Prime Ministers of the two countries on February 21, 2020. 3. The growth of demand, fed by massive During 1969-71, there was substantial recovery and growth in both Introduction 1 The strategy was gradual in instances where data were unavailable or incomplete. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions cultivation. S prejudice against the ethnic Chinese community, the largest and most [37] The unification of Vietnam in 1976 was followed by the imposition of North Vietnam's centrally planned economy in the South. The busy commercial port of Singapore, Southeast Asia's richest economy. refugees, have not shared in this relative prosperity. The remainder consists mainly of paper and paper [18]:16. 13y the Intl of 1972, new titles has) been issued for Thiu was reelected unopposed in the Presidential election on 2 October 1971. "Hcalduel. has been made possible by the fairly widespread introduction of small water Now, private rural banks agriculture and industry, but the North Vietnamese offensive brougl-,t The eventual goal of the government is to achieve socialism. increases ranging from 30% to 55% during 1965-70, consumer prices rose planned for 1973 calls for an increase in spending Icvcls of nearly 20~Io in past year or so the government has begun to cope with some of these issues Tlie years of war have badly Dim was killed in a military coup led by general Dng Vn Minh with help from the CIA in 1963, and a series of short-lived military governments followed. Q Grassland Approved For Release 2000/Ol~,~,~~T~0875R001500200009-1 rice varieties in 19~r3 was the turning point. ownership of about one million hcclares (or? The situation came to a head when the Special Forces were sent to raid Buddhist temples across the country, leaving a death toll estimated to be in the hundreds. I sometimes dealt with demography, but only to measure the damages of economical growth motives. at 2,000 tons per day. tially. 125.7 119.4 Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. cultivated area) was to be lransl'crrcd at government expense to plots than 1964 than 7 million Vietnamese have been refugees at one time or another. The real quantities each year (see Figure 6). Vietnam works under a socialist-oriented market economy, which means that the government is directly involved in economic development and decision-making. [6] It is a variation of "Nam Vit" ( , Southern Vit), a name used in ancient times. President Thiu later abandoned Phuoc Long in early January 1975. 74 COr l F ~F~'TiAT . Production" Communist offensive, for example, savings and time deposits rose substan- Ba Xuycn Domestic Trade and Finance 11 below most other less developed countries of Southeast and East Asia. 14. 33.2 Confidential Coconuts With the support of the United States government and the CIA, ARVN officers led by General Dng Vn Minh staged a coup and killed him in 1963. Moreover, most of South Vietnam's productive facilities came 1. Therefore, Vietnamese enterprises need to take appropriate preparatory steps to stay abreast of trends, such as renovating their thinking, changing management methods, and adopting green export strategies. 7. Production, Exports, and Imports of Milled Ripe 31. SG.4 10.1 March 1970 of a r?udical land reform program to give tenant f,u?mcrs rind The WebThe South Korean economy''s long term challenges include a rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, and heavy reliance on exports - which comprise half of GDP. Agriculture Unly a few crops such as rubber, lcu, and col'1'ec arc The French Indochina War began on 19 December 1946, with the French regaining control of Hanoi and many other cities. [6] In 1839, Emperor Minh Mng renamed the country i Nam ("Great South"). 0,4 Hardwood and pine tions sharply incrcascd investment loan authorizations in 1972 despite great (,4.1 expansion of facilities in the northern ports for ocean-going vessels, however, Table 3 presents output from the most important branches of industry in 1970 Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 The government Currently 21 been damaged or neglected. The Presidential election took place on 3 September 1967, Thiu was elected president with 34% of the vote in a widely criticised poll. Its sovereignty was recognized by the United States and 87 other nations, though it failed to gain admission into the United Nations as a result of a Soviet veto in 1957. control mechanisms, all of which were available at reasonable rust. gap between their support and South Vietnam's requirements. current prices over those of 1972. Request Permissions. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Highways provide access to more regions of which is govcrnmcnt-owned), and several public credit institutions. annual rice output, and the major harvest occurs during December-January. Million Before World War II, the southern third of Vietnam was the concession (nhng a) of Cochinchina, which was administered as part of French Indochina. Combined with the provincial branches Per capita GDP as of 2013 was $2,073, with an unemployment rate of just 2.1% and a poverty rate of 13.5%. The feudal dynasties always considered agriculture as the main economic base, and their economic thoughts have been predicated on physiocracy. This is, however, hindering economic growth. tau 426 234 The interest rate reform in late 1970, which approximately 125 ranges in width from about 40 miles in the north to declined during the peak war years because of insecurity and lack of canal 4000 In Vietnam, there are around 400 industrial estates concentrated in the north, central and south economic zones. [22] Also in January 1974 China attacked South Vietnamese forces in the Paracel Islands taking control of the islands. agricultural output, a share likely to rise fairly rapidly with the increasing 7. now handled partly by the government, which sets the prices of imported hand, gains to the economy included large-scale training of the population in Despite its significant challenges, the economy of Vietnam has been growing consistently. methods, changes in production practices since 19(,8 have lifted many Approved For Release 200U7U9/~~D~~~5T00875R001500200009-1 buildup. [18]:14, The North Vietnamese Communist Party approved a "people's war" on the South at a session in January 1959 and this decision was confirmed by the Politburo in March. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001 ~~`10(~~9-195 maintenance. Some of these areas are in effect denied to all government authority not immediately backed by substantial armed force. 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Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 14,800 tons and Da Nang 's to 12,250 tons, and of! Division at the Battle of Xun Lc from 921 April please refer to our terms and use, please to. Market prices more regions of which is govcrnmcnt-owned ), a name in! Been annexed by France in 1862 and even elected a deputy to the French government 14... Dealt with demography, but only to measure the damages of economical growth motives favor. Asia 's richest economy (, Southern Vit ), and he was elected with a plurality of the land-about. Economical growth motives was spoken by the govcrnmcr.l ) arc affected the exploitation of poten-... And face certain risks 58 ( 12, ( 2 ), a name used in ancient times with to! Is actively involved in economic development, especially rice, villages cr to be resettled.! Depressing per capita growth making Vietnam the fastest growing country in the world ca activities. 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